THE OFF-GRID GOAL 01/27/2010
In response to a question posed to me by Waine, it dawned on me that some people might not understand why energy efficiency anywhere and everywhere is critically important to those wishing to make a move in the future to an off-grid Electricity System i.e. a system where you produce most if not all of your own electricity using Eskom grid supply as a back-up. Why is this a goal you might ask? Well, one only has to look at the recent happenings with Eskom - their lack of initiative, corruption, theft has left the South African consumer and businesses reeling from massive tariff hikes. And with the 3 x 45% hikes already tabled with NERSA the picture being painted is not getting any better. Even if your household can afford these enlarged bills, I don’t think everyone is comprehending the entire picture. EVERYTHING will increase, CPI will shoot up, Interest Rates will adjust upwards to combat this - Your Bond, Your Car, Your Debt - All will increase as a result. The food that you buy will increase because as we all well know the food industry needs no second invitation to increase their prices willy nilly. Jobs will be lost, businesses will close down - if one takes into account all prior and future electricity increases by 2010 you will be paying 240% more than you were in 2008, and by 2012 500% will be the increase you will be subject too. One has to start now, installing LED’s or Solar Water Heating or Energy Efficient Showerheads - will free up much needed cash flow come April 2010 when the 1st increase takes hold. If you were to wait your ability to afford anything else will be hampered by the expected increases in all costs. The Off-Grid goal is my businesses aim - I would like to assist ALL South Africans to achieve this, but it is still Cost Prohibitive and very few people can afford it. But other products are affordable and more than that they make MUCH more financial sense than your typical products. They save you money and pay for themselves in a given time frame. They also set you up for the future if you have LED Lighting, Solar Water Heating, Efficient Water fittings, Gas Stoves/Fridges - what are you left with? A much reduced energy usage and therefore cost. In fact if you have ALL of the above installed one can easily expect a 50% - 80% reduced energy bill. So therefore if one eventually does decide to go off-grid with Photovoltaics, Wind Power etc you now have a MUCH smaller system to install - your requirements and therefore system costs will be substantially reduced - you will never again care about what Eskom does! Of course one has to take into account maintenance but based on the below facts it is substantially lower compared with en-ending monthly electricity bills…..
Add Comment LED INFORMATION 01/27/2010
Why LED? The lighting efficiency of the new high power led light bulbs is nearly eight times that of incandescent lights, and twice as high as compact fluorescent lights. Led bulbs also emit a much higher percentage of light in the desired direction. This makes them even more efficient compared to either incandescent or fluorescent for task lighting, desk lamps, reading lights, spotlights, flood lights, and track lighting. Led light bulbs also generate very little unwanted heat. The energy savings may be doubled in air-conditioned environments where each watt of incandescent lighting can add another watt or more to the power needed for air conditioning. Led bulbs can operate for 30,000 hours or more. One led light bulb can easily outlast 30 incandescent bulbs, or 6 compact fluorescents! Led bulbs cost less than the bulbs they replace. Operating 12 hours per day, led light bulbs can last 7 years or more! Led light bulbs are not sensitive to shock, vibration, or the extreme temperature changes that can quickly ruin fragile incandescent bulbs. And unlike fluorescent bulbs which wear out much faster if they are frequently turned on and off, led bulbs are not affected by frequent on-off switching. Environmentally Friendly You’ll never again have to choose between inefficient incandescents and fluorescents that contain mercury. LED lighting is safe, environmentally friendly and contains no toxic mercury. LED lights use 90% less energy than conventional incandescent bulbs and less than half the energy of compact fluorescent lamps. Consuming less energy results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions being released into our environment. Also, because each LED products is designed to last for 50,000 or more hours, there is less landfill waste from burned-out incandescent bulbs and no dangerous mercury waste from fluorescents. Ultra Efficient Lighting The light output is comparable to that of a 40 to 100 watt incandescent light. Our LED lighting provides efficiency and enables consumers to save over the life of the light, without compromising beauty or the environment. LED Lights uses only 10% on average of power. That’s 90% less energy spent per incandescent light, and 50% less than a CFL. On average in the running a 60-watt light for 50,000 hours would cost R2,100 in electricity alone. Because the LED lights uses only an average of 10 watts, running the light for 50,000 hours will cost only R420 under the same scenario. In addition, you will no longer spend time or money replacing lights. Over the lifetime of one led light, you will save R1,680 or more on your electricity cost alone. CARBON DIOXIDE TRENDS 01/27/2010
Limitations of Carbon Sinks Related to my previous post on the oceans’ limited ability to absorb more and more CO2 emissions, the researchers of this report and the “Carbon Budget” state that over the last 50 years the earth’s “carbon sinks” (on land and in the oceans) absorbed about 57% of CO2 emissions and that this percentage probably decreased from 60% to 55% over that course of time. This suggests the same thing as the oceans’ carbon absorption study — that the carbon sinks’ efficiency and ability to take in increasing carbon emissions is decreasing — but as Global Carbon Project researchers from East Anglia University state: “more work (needs) to be done to improve our understanding of the land and ocean CO2 sinks.” This is one of the more limited components of climate research so far, according to the researchers. Changes in Causes of Emissions Additional key findings from the study are that coal has now passed up oil and developing countries have passed up developed countries in greenhouse gas emissions. An interesting aspect of developing countries’ growth in emissions, however, is that a quarter of those are attributed to increased trade to the West. This further illuminates the interconnected, global nature of this issue — the global economy and political scene are responsible for this global climate change problem and there must be international cooperation in order to properly address it, in my opinion. The researchers’ calculations and findings show that the current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is 38% higher than at the start of the industrial revolution. It is at its highest in at least the last 2 million years! As stated by the Global Carbon Project, this data is very accurate: “Accumulation of atmospheric CO2 is the most accurately measured quantity in the global carbon budget with an uncertainty of about 1% or about 0.04 PgC of the 4PgC per year accumulated on average since 2000. The data is provided by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory.” Land use change emissions have decreased since the 1990s, but they still account for 12% of human-induced emissions. Additionally, emissions from Brazil and Indonesia account for 61% of these land use change emissions now. Bullet Summary of the Findings In bullet format, researchers from the University of East Anglia (including lead author Prof Corinne Le Quéré) report: The main findings of the study include: * CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels increased by two per cent from 2007 to 2008, by 29 per cent between 2008 and 2000, and by 41 per cent between 2008 and 1990 – the reference year of the Kyoto Protocol. * CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have increased at an average annual rate of 3.4 per cent between 2000 and 2008, compared with one per cent per year in the 1990s. * Emissions from land use change have remained almost constant since 2000, but now account for a significantly smaller proportion of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions (20 per cent in 2000 to 12 per cent in 2008). * The fraction of total CO2 emissions remaining in the atmosphere has likely increased from 40 to 45 per cent since 1959, models suggests this is due to the response of the natural CO2 sinks to climate change and variability. * Emissions from coal are now the dominant fossil fuel emission source, surpassing 40 years of oil emission prevalence. * The financial crisis had a small but discernable impact on emissions growth in 2008 – with a two per cent increase compared with an average 3.6 per cent over the previous seven years. On the basis of projected changes in GDP, emissions for 2009 are expected to fall to their 2007 levels, before increasing again in 2010. * Emissions from emerging economies such as China and India have more than doubled since 1990 and developing countries now emit more greenhouse gases than developed countries. * A quarter of the growth in CO2 emissions in developing countries can be accounted for by an increase in international trade of goods and services. ENERGY SAVING TIPS 01/27/2010
Making the change to LED Lighting Traditional incandescent globes (light bulbs) should be replaced by LED’s . These use substantially less electricity and have much longer lives. Harnessing the power of the sun Installing a solar water heater at home can reduce the costs of heating water by up to 70%. Solar heating also benefits the electricity. A 240 Litre solar water heater means that 10kWh/day of electricity is not required. Switch to Energy Saving Shower Heads Water heating is the biggest electricity expense for the average household and, the more hot water you use, the more it costs you. South Africa is a semi-arid country and our average national rainfall of 450mm is well below the international average of 860mm. This makes water a scarce and precious resource so we should all use water conservatively. There is a lot you can do to save water. For instance, instead of allowing the water to run when you wash your face or while you shave, you should fill the basin with just the amount of water you need. Similarly, when brushing your teeth, turn off the tap while you complete your routine and use a cup filled with water for rinsing your mouth. Did you know that you can significantly reduce the amount of water your household consumes by simply switching from bathing to showering and, that you can achieve additional savings if you use an Microwave ovens Microwave ovens are great electricity savers. Using them correctly can add to your electricity savings efforts. Remember that:
Taking a few basic steps in the kitchen can significantly reduce the amount of electricity used by electric stoves. Think about:
Bathing and showering: Opting to take a shower over a bath can save up to 50% of the water you use. A bath consumes 80 – 100 litres of water whereas a shower consumes 40 – 50 litres of water. Families with children, particularly in periods of water restrictions, can choose to share a bath. Toilets Toilets use up to 15 liters of water in one flush. Water can be saved by:- (a) Installing a dual flushing toilet, or (b) Placing ½ a brick in the cistern to decrease its water holding capacity. It is important to attend to water leaks in the toilet as quickly as possible. Taps Water–saving devices can be installed on taps to reduce the consumption of water. Taps should be turned off while hands are washed and/or teeth being brushed and only turned on again for rinsing purposes. Leaking taps, dripping shower heads, broken washers, etc. should be attended to a.s.a.p. Alternatively, a bucket should be placed under the leak to catch the water for its re-use elsewhere in the home/garden until such a time as the leak can be fixed. Gardening Homeowners etc should be encouraged to mulch their gardens in an attempt to increase the moisture content of the soil and reduce the evaporation levels off the soil. Gardeners should be encouraged to water the garden in the early morning or the early evening to prevent evaporation rates during the day (evaporation peaks between 10am – 5pm) Dishwashing water Homeowners etc should be encouraged to use readily available biodegradable cleaning products that have no adverse affects on the quality of the water which can then be used to irrigate plants, herb gardens, potted plants, lawns etc. There are a number of readily available products around such as the Pick & Pay Green range, Enchantrix, etc. Clothes washing/Washing machines Opting to wear hardwearing articles of clothing (such as jeans, jerseys, etc) more than once before placing them in the wash basket can assist in reducing water consumption. Washing machines can be placed on low/minimum and energy saving cycles rather than on full cycles – this saves the household on both water and energy consumption. Biodegradable products are also available that can allow for the water to be re-used in the garden, around the house, etc. Cars Car owners should get accustomed to using a bucket of water rather than a hosepipe to clean their vehicles - and not simply in periods of water restrictions and water shortages. Energy Lights and plug points If you are building a new house, limit the number of plug points and light bulbs for each room. If you are in a house that has numerous light points, choose to only put low-energy globes in those that are required. Use candles more often – they also create a great ambiance in the room. Candles can be put into a freezer overnight – this lengthens their lifespan by a couple of hours – particularly the small round tea lights. Use energy saving globes. It is not possible to use energy saving globes with dimmers – but you can choose to use the lowest wattage available for these light points. Turn off lights when you leave the room. Turn off plug point switches when you are not using a device consistently (even though it may remain plugged into the socket). Geysers It helps to think of a geyser as a large kettle that is permanently on the boil to keep the water hot. Turn off your geyser overnight before you go to bed and on in the morning approximately 1- 1½ hours before you shower or bath. If this proves inconvenient, bring in an electrician to install a timer switch in order for the geyser to turn on and off automatically. This is well worth the expense. Turn off geysers when you go away on holiday. When your electric geyser no longer works – consider replacing it with a solar water geyser. Speak to your insurance company and ask if they can fund the replacement of the geyser and if not for the full amount, at least for the amount that they would have funded had you replaced it with another electric geyser. Electrical Appliances Buy AAA rated electrical appliances. These appliances are more energy efficient than non-AAA rated appliances. Ask the sales person at electrical appliance store for the options … some companies only offer AA-rated appliance. This is still a better option than no energy saving aspect at all. Use the energy saving option on all electrical appliances such as dishwashers, washing machines, etc. For all tumble drying options, hang out the washing to “half dry” before putting washing into the machine. When you boil water in a kettle for any purpose, boil only the amount you need to use. For example, if you are boiling water for ONE cup of tea, only put one cup of water in the kettle. Boiling water is the most energy consuming method and this will keep the energy required to boil water to a minimum. Think about the electrical appliances you buy before doing so … Appliances that require opening and closing of doors (such as ovens and fridges) use up energy every time the door is opened and closed. Be aware of closing and opening doors quickly to reduce the losses … Cars Choose to buy cars that are light on fuel. The bigger the car the greater the energy (fuel) needed to get it going. Drive sensibly and do so bearing fuel saving techniques in mind: o Avoid warming up the engine for extended periods of time; o Ensure that the automatic choke is disengaged after the engine has warmed up; o Avoid “revving” the engine; o Accelerate slowly when starting from a “dead stop”. o Choose your fuel brand carefully. o Instruct the fuel operator not to fill the tank to the top – request that they fill the tank to the automatic first “click” of the fuel nozzle. o Travel at fast rates in low gears consumes more fuel than travelling at fast rates in higher gears. o Keep windows closed when travelling on highways at highway speeds. Open windows cause air drag and rise fuel consumption. o Drive consistently – slowing down or speeding up wastes fuel. o Stoplights are timed for your motoring advantage. By travelling at the recommended speed limit you improve your chances of “catching” the green light all the way .. o Avoid rough roads if possible; gravel roads can use up to 30% extra fuel. o Driving on deep tyre tread all uses up more fuel. o Avoid excessive “reversing” to save fuel consumption. o Keeping your tyres properly inflated will reduce fuel consumption. Paper Re-use the paper from your printer. The back of all your office paper can be used for children to draw on, donated to schools/local community centres, etc. Use the paper rings inside the toilet paper roll to protect your seedlings or collect them and donate them to a pre-primary school. For paper products (magazines, etc) that have no apparent “re-use” function … donate to primary schools, community centres, etc … children always need books to cut out of for school projects – especially those who have no access to computers/the internet etc. Fires Learn to make energy efficient fires. There is a method known as “basa njenjo Magoga” where the coal is laid down first, then the paper, then the wood .. and a few additional lumps of coal laid on top of the fire once it has been lit … as opposed to laying the coal ON TOP of the wood. LED 101 01/27/2010
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are solid-state lighting components. They have no moving, fragile parts and can last for decades. LEDs can be many times more energy efficient than light bulbs, depending on the application. Just as vacuum tubes in televisions were replaced with solid-state components, the last remaining vacuum tube light bulbs are being replaced by solid-state components. Imagine a grain of sand that emits a very bright light, usually red, amber, green or blue, depending on the material, when an electrical current is applied. That’s essentially an LED. The actual science and manufacturing process to develop an LED is quite complex, but the principle is simple. The first LEDs for commercial applications were red. They functioned as on/off or indicator lights in electronic devices such as VCRs, calculators, stereo systems and even automobile subsystems. Eventually, LEDs were produced in green and amber as well. The major breakthrough came in 1989 when Cree, Inc. of Durham, NC, started shipping the first commercially viable blue LED, based on silicon carbide. That blue LED enabled white LED-based light. Mixing red, blue and green light produces white light. Today, a more-efficient and cost-effective white LED light is revolutionizing the lighting world. The white power LED, based on a blue LED chip coated with a phosphor, is bright and efficient enough to be used in general illumination. Fixture manufacturers are making LED-based products for outdoor street, walkway, parking and indoor-down light applications. Cree introduced the first lighting-class white power LED in 2006 and followed up with the first lighting-class warm (softer) white power LED in early 2007. LEDs are ready for general-illumination applications, presenting a dramatically enhanced lighting option to save energy and maintenance costs as well eliminate the hazardous-waste issues associated with mercury-containing light bulbs and tubes. History of Light (& Heat) The history of man-made light is based on heat. Wax, oil and gas burn to produce light. The filament in an incandescent bulb heats up to produce light. Gas in a fluorescent tube is zapped to illuminate. The basic method is “Heat it up, and it glows.” For more than 120 years, incandescent light bulbs have brightened and literally warmed our lives. Electric-powered bulbs were a major improvement over candle, gas and oil light sources, but they are extremely inefficient. Bulb-based light sources are far better at producing heat than light - up to 90 percent of the power going into a bulb is converted to heat. Compact fluorescent bulbs (CFLs) are more efficient, and are an excellent alternative to incandescent bulbs for Edison-socket light fixtures. However, they contain a small amount of mercury, making them hazardous waste when they break or burn out. In the past 12 months, a new light source has emerged that is sufficiently bright and efficient to be used for general illumination. The light emitting diode, commonly called the LED, uses far less energy and can last many times longer than most bulbs and contains no lead or mercury. Cree, Inc. introduced the first commercially available lighting-class LED in late 2006. Lighting manufacturers are now producing a whole new class of LED lighting products for general illumination. LEDs are now ready for broad deployment across general lighting applications such as parking garages and lots, streetlights and other outdoor installations. Indoor directional and down light solutions are also becoming available. According to the University of California, Santa Barbara, widespread deployment of LED-based lighting could save $280B in electricity costs in the U.S. alone by 2025. By committing to LEDs in municipal lighting, cities are making a thoughtful energy choice that will greatly benefit their taxpayers, visitors and the environment. OUR COLLECTIVE POWER 01/27/2010
Those of you who read my blog know that besides the Solar Water Heating I sell energy efficient shower heads and LED lights, devices that fit onto exisiting fixtures that requries no great effort to install. My whole business is about making going green as easy and affordable as possible! I only stock top quality products and as far as possible try to buy South African at all times. I believe that by making it easier for homeowners or business owners to install these products themselves that it means more, it becomes something a whole lot more that when you pay someone to do it. Getting to the main point, never before in the history of our species has it been more evident thaty we are part of a living, breathing system. We live on this Earth with others - animals, people. We have to realise that there is a carrying capacity as incomprehensible that may be to most of us - we HAVE to start thinking about that. We have to start thinking like a community - living with and not against each other. Right now it’s every man for himself and that has led us nowhere really, we fight for the best not caring too look back and see the destruction we have lift behind for the pursuit of wealth - in whatever form that may be for you. We have to start reducing our gluttonous hunger for new, bigger, better - IT DOESN’T WORK PEOPLE - and we are fast tracking ourselves to a very miserable and expensive future, where things like water will become a scarce (and therefore expensive) commodity. I refer to something I read, can’t remember exactly but I think its called the Diamond paradox. Why are diamonds so expensive, they are nearly useless but water, something we would never be able to exist without, so cheap and treated so badly??? Once we realise that we have the power to change, all of us, we realise that we can make enormous differences as a group, as a community, as a species. We need to live more harmoniously in the system that supports us all, abuse it and we will pay the price. So I use a shower head as an example - 1 Energy Efficient Shower costs R195, and will save the average family around 80,000 litres of water and between R2k -R 3k a year annually. Numbers that are not that great if one looks at it from a City or Provincial perspective. But say 1000 people all make this small change - this changes things HUGELY - now we are talking 80,000,000 (million) Litres of Water and between R2 & R3 Million Rand savings a year. The numbers are staggering and this is only 1000 people, imagine if 10,000 or 100,000 or millions of people did something this - the impact will be astronomical - OUR COLLECTIVE POWER! So whether it be recycling, buying a shower head, turning lights off more often, ensuring your taps don’t drip, watering your garden only at night - WHATEVER! - don’t be put off by “it will make no difference” school of thought - it always makes a difference, always! So make a change, believe that your neighbours are doing the same or spread the word if they not. Our collective power is huge and we can do something about our environment, our living costs and our planet! LED FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 01/27/2010
What does LED stand for? LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. Is a LED a bulb? LEDs do appear to be bulbs but in fact are not. LED’s are tiny semiconductors encapsulated in plastic which protect their components and help focus the light. What is the difference between an incandescent bulb and an LED? Incandescent create light by use of a filament. When power is applied, the filament glows, generating heat, in turn, producing light. LEDs are the opposite. LEDs create light though a “cold process”, when power is applied to semiconductors they’re stimulated by the movement of electrons; thus creating photons, the light that is visibly seen by humans. Do LEDs have a wire filament? No, LEDs operate using entirely different components. LEDs are diodes; they only allow power to move in one direction. The anode (+) is where the current comes in and the cathode (-) is where the current goes out, much like the positive and negative terminals of a battery. Why do LEDs use such little power? LEDs do not use a filament where a conductor is heated and light is created. Filament based lighting consumes more power than the light produced. LEDs produce very little amounts of heat and do not use filaments making them far more efficient in consumption and output. Do LEDs produce heat? LEDs produce very little amounts of heat; the heat noticed in some instances is due to on board components and other factors of the circuit. In comparison to incandescent, LEDs produce a fraction of the heat. Do LEDs attract insects? No they do not. Insects see entirely different spectrum of light and are attracted to ultraviolet light. This is not to say that all bugs aren’t attracted to LED lights but most can’t see the light that LEDs produce. Are LEDs affected by extreme conditions? LEDs are geared for harsh environments. LEDs function from -40 F to 180 F; there is no delay or required “warm-up” time for LEDs to function. How long do LEDs last? LEDs are rated by manufacturers to operate under normal conditions for approx 50,000 to 100,000 hours of continuous use. As LEDs get older, they tend to dim and fade but aren’t susceptible to blinking like incandescent or fluorescents. LEDs are more expensive than other lighting options, why? LEDs can operate as stand alone devices, but when grouped or clustered they require additional steps to operate properly. LEDs need proper components such as a circuit board, driving components and some cases, housings; to endure the elements. ELECTRICITY AND WATER 01/27/2010
South Africa is in the midst of 2 VERY big problems: Electricity and Water. Whilst the Eskom Energy Crisis has been going on for a while now, the problems with out water supply is just beginning to come to the fore. The Garden Route area is expected to run out of dammed Water in 10 Months if no rain falls over the catchment areas soon. (CLICK HERE) What is interesting to note regarding the Water Crisis is that the farmers and other commercial operations have met their savings targets, but it is the Residential Sector who have not! Something which will result in massive Water Costs increases. Eskom generates more than 80% of all our electricity from Coal Powered Stations - Wet Cooled Coal Electricity Generation is highly water intensive with 1.3 Litres being used for every kilo watt hour being produced. Coupled with the fact that South Africa is one of the 30th Most Dry Countries in the world makes it critical for us to examine our water usage and ensure we are doing everything possible to reduce our consumption lest we all experience what parts of Port Elizabeth are experiencing. Too make matters worse incompetent municipalities owe the Water Boards millions of Rands, making it nearly impossible to ensure that the infrastructure is kept in shape. The result is crumbling infrastructre, and very shortly a shortage of treatment plants to provide our growing population and economy with the water it requires. So whilst many of us have heard about the tips about making sure we switch taps off whilst shaving, getting dual flush toilets, watering at certain times of the day etc etc I would like to examine the impacts of electricity saving and its effects on water usage. These calculations are based on 1.3 Litres of Water being used for every Kilo Watt Hour generated. Solar Water Heating (SWH) Our SWH systems have been tested by the SABS and the results are as follows: Our 150 Litre System saves about 7.5kWh a day. This equates to:
Our Shower Heads reduce Water consumption as their core function already, but they also reduce electricity usage because you use less water when showering it requires less water to be heated up by your electric geyser. So lets do some calculations for a family of 4 people, all showering once a day for 10 minutes. Our shower heads will save roughly 2.2 kWh per shower, so will total a daily savings of 8.8 kilo watt hours which will save
Energy Efficient Lighting LED lighting is the most efficient light source in the world, it approximately 90% more efficient that incandescent and halogens and around 50% more efficient than CFL or normal fluorescent tubes or globes. Lets take an example of the Down Lighter, many people have these in their homes and they usually have a lot of them too. The usual downlighter is 50W in power, the equivalent LED that provides the same light output is 6W in power, this is 44W savings or 88% savings in energy usage for the same output. Say this family has 20 Downlights and they use them for 5 hours every day. This totals to 5 kWh usage per day, if they were to convert to LED down lights that usage would drop to 600 Watts, not even a kilowatt!!!! Savings would be 4.4 kWh a day reasulting in Water savings of:
The additional water saving advantages are not only substantial but crucial to South Africa and we should all be aware of the water issues we are likely to face in the future! | Future LightKeep up to date with all the latest news from Future Light ArchivesCategoriesAll |
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